Mpox (Monkeypox): Symptoms, Transmission, Treatment, and Prevention

Comprehensive Guide to Mpox (Monkeypox): Symptoms, Spread, Treatment, and Prevention

Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is an infectious disease caused by the monkeypox virus, a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus, which also includes the smallpox virus. While typically found in Central and West Africa, a significant global outbreak began in 2022, highlighting the importance of understanding this virus.

What is Mpox?

Mpox is a viral zoonotic infection, meaning it can be transmitted from animals to humans. However, it can also spread from person to person. The virus is closely related to the smallpox virus, though mpox tends to cause less severe illness.

• Symptoms: The infection typically starts with flu-like symptoms such as fever, headache, muscle aches, and swollen lymph nodes, followed by a rash that progresses through several stages, from flat lesions to fluid-filled blisters, before crusting over and healing​ (World Health Organization (WHO))​ (AAMC).

• Transmission: The virus can be transmitted through close contact with an infected person, especially through skin-to-skin contact, respiratory droplets, and contact with contaminated materials like bedding or clothing. Mpox can also spread from animals to humans through bites, scratches, or handling infected animal products​ (DW)​ (World Health Organization (WHO)).

How Do You Get Mpox?

Mpox spreads primarily through close physical contact. This can happen during intimate interactions, including sexual contact, or through contact with lesions, bodily fluids, or respiratory droplets from an infected person. It can also spread through contact with contaminated objects like bedding or clothing. The virus can enter the body through broken skin, mucous membranes (such as eyes, nose, or mouth), or the respiratory tract​ (World Health Organization (WHO)).

Treatment Options for Mpox

Currently, there is no specific treatment approved exclusively for mpox. However, antiviral medications developed for smallpox, such as Tecovirimat (TPOXX), Brincidofovir, and Cidofovir, may be used under specific protocols. These treatments are primarily recommended for severe cases or individuals at high risk for severe disease, such as those with compromised immune systems​ (CDC)​ (CDC).

Supportive care, including pain management and hydration, is the mainstay of treatment for most people. Most individuals with mpox recover within 2 to 4 weeks without the need for medical intervention​ (CDC).

Vaccination and Prevention

Vaccination is a crucial tool in preventing mpox. The JYNNEOS and ACAM2000 vaccines, originally developed for smallpox, have been shown to provide protection against mpox as well. These vaccines are especially recommended for people at high risk of exposure, such as healthcare workers and individuals with multiple sexual partners​ (AAMC).

Prevention Tips:

• Avoid close contact with individuals who have a rash that looks like mpox.

• Practice good hand hygiene, especially after contact with infected individuals or materials.

• Use personal protective equipment (PPE) when caring for infected persons.

• Consider vaccination if you are at high risk of exposure.

FAQs

1. What are the symptoms of mpox? Symptoms include fever, headache, muscle aches, swollen lymph nodes, and a distinctive rash that evolves through several stages before healing.

2. How does mpox spread? Mpox spreads through close physical contact, respiratory droplets, and contact with contaminated objects. It can also spread from animals to humans.

3. Is there a vaccine for mpox? Yes, vaccines like JYNNEOS and ACAM2000, originally developed for smallpox, are effective against mpox.

4. How is mpox treated? Most cases are treated with supportive care. Antivirals like Tecovirimat may be used for severe cases.

5. How can I prevent getting mpox? Avoid close contact with infected individuals, maintain good hygiene, and consider vaccination if at high risk.

For more detailed information and updates, visit the CDC's Mpox Resource Page and WHO Mpox Overview.

This guide aims to provide a comprehensive overview of mpox, helping you stay informed and take the necessary precautions to protect yourself and others.